ABSTRACT
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful clinical condition that usually seen on the distal extremity, affects children and adults. It is more common in adults. CRPS is usually characterized by severe pain, swelling, limitation of movement, trophic disorders, and spotted osteoporosis following triggering stimulus. CRPS-1 is not a peripheral nerve lesion, it develops following trauma, surgical applications and central nervous system lesion. On the other hand CRPS-2 occurs after peripheral nerve lesion. In CRPS-1, a more severe effect is seen than the initiating factor. CRPS-1 is a rare clinical condition in children. In this article, a 9-year-old male patient which developed CRPS-1 following lower extremity fracture is presented in company with current literature.
Keywords:
Complex regional pain syndrome, child, fracture, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, hyperalgesia, trauma
References
1Bialocerkowski AE, Daly A. Is physiotherapy effective for children with complex regional pain syndrome type 1? Clin J Pain 2012;28:81-91.
2de Mos M, de Bruijn AG, Huygen FJ, Dieleman JP, Stricker BH, Sturkenboom MC. The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: A population-basedstudy. Pain 2007;129:12-20.
3Alexander GM, Peterlin BL, Perreault MJ, Grothusen JR, Schwartzman RJ. Changes in plasma cytokines and their soluble receptors in complex regional pain syndrome. J Pain 2012;13:10-20.
4Abu-Arafeh H, Abu-Arafeh I.Complex regional pain syndrome in children: a systematic review of clinical features and movement disorders. Pain Manag 2017;7:133-40.
5Güler-Uysal F, Başaran S, Geertzen JH, Göncü K. A 2 1/2-year-old girl with reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (CRPS type I): case report. Clin Rehabil 2003;17:224-7.
6Weissmann R, Uziel Y. “Pediatric complex regional pain syndrome: a review.” Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2016;14:29.
7Low AK, Ward K, Wines AP. Pediatric complex regional pain syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop 2007;27:567-72.
8Ray M, Singhi PD. Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 in child with migraine. J Child Neurol 2011;26:1026-8.
9Higashimoto T, Baldwin EE, Gold JI, Boles RG. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: complex regional pain syndrome type I in children with mitochondrial disease and maternal inheritance. Arch Dis Child 2008;93:390-7.
10Harden RN, Bruehl S, Stanton-Hicks M, Wilson PR. Proposed new diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Med 2007;8:326-31.
11Wüppenhorst N, Maier C, Frettlöh J, Pennekamp W, Nicolas V. Sensitivity and specificity of 3-phase bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome of the upper extremity. Clin J Pain 2010;26:182-9.
12Goksen D, Darcan S, Coker M, Kose T. Bone mineral density of healthy Turkish children and adolescents. J Clin Densitom 2006;9:84-90.
13Badri T, Ben Jennet S, Fenniche S, Benmously R, Mokhtar I, Hammami H. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome in a child. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat 2011;20:77-9.
14Wilder RT. Management of pediatric patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Clin J Pain 2006;22:443-8.
15Dietz FR, Mathews KD, Montgomery WJ. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children. ClinOrthopRelat Res 1990;258:225-31.
16Murray CS, Cohen A, Perkins T, Davidson JE, Sills JA. Morbidity in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Arch Dis Child 2000;82:231-3.
17Bialocerkowski AE, Daly A. Is physiotherapy effective for children with complex regional pain syndrome type 1? Clin J Pain 2012;28:81-91.
